Heartburn is a prevalent condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The burning feeling in the chest caused by the onset of heartburn can cause discomfort. The condition can be temporary or chronic if left unmanaged. It occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. Recognizing the early symptoms of heartburn is crucial for timely intervention and effective management. Let’s look at the subtle indicators of heartburn. What is heartburn? Heartburn, known as acid indigestion or acid reflux, is a condition where the stomach acid rushes back up into the esophagus (a tube carrying food from the mouth to the stomach, and it is not designed to handle the corrosive effects of stomach acid). The acid reflux generally leads to a range of uncomfortable symptoms. The primary reason behind heartburn is a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter (LES). It is a muscle ring situated at the bottom of the esophagus that normally acts as a one-way valve, allowing foods and liquids to enter the stomach while preventing stomach contents from flowing back up into the esophagus. When the LES weakens or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can escape into the esophagus, leading to heartburn. Early symptoms of heartburn Burning sensation in the chest This is a common sign of the condition, often erupting from behind the breastbone.

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by severe, pulsating headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. While the exact cause of migraines remains elusive, various triggers have been identified, including certain odors. Odor-triggered migraines can be particularly challenging to manage and treat. Below are some familiar smells that may trigger the condition, simple strategies to cope with them, and other factors that can trigger migraines. Why do certain odors cause migraine? The phenomenon of migraine headaches due to odor sensitivity is called osmophobia or olfactory migraines. The exact mechanism by which odors trigger migraines is not fully understood, but several theories exist. One is sensory overload, wherein strong odors overload the brain’s sensory processing, leading to a migraine in individuals susceptible to sensory triggers. Some people may also have heightened sensitivity to certain chemicals found in odorous substances. When exposed to these chemicals, their bodies may react with a migraine. Lastly, odors can activate specific neural pathways in the brain, potentially triggering migraine pathways in those predisposed to migraines. Odors that may trigger migraine Perfumes and fragrances Perfumes and strong fragrances are among the most common migraine triggers. The synthetic chemicals in many perfumes can overwhelm the olfactory system, leading to migraines in susceptible individuals.

Most countries provide the public with easily available tap water drinking stations, and this water is usually considered safe for consumption. The government and health bodies have a testing and treatment process in place to ensure that tap water meets regulatory standards provided by them. However, water can have a certain potential to cause harmful side effects for people. Here are some reasons why one must avoid drinking tap water and switch to purified water. Microbial contamination Improper treatment of drinking water can lead to the water being contaminated with parasites like bacteria and viruses. And prolonged exposure to these microbes can lead to health issues like stomach cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting.  Fluoride exposure Fluoride is added to drinking water sources to prevent dental decay. However, if there is an excess amount of fluoride present in the water source, it can also cause dental fluorosis. The condition can cause defects in tooth enamel and lead to discoloration of the teeth. Increased intake of fluoride can also increase the risk of skeletal fluorosis, leading to symptoms like bone pain, stiffness, and fractures. Exposure to nitrates and nitrites Groundwater sources can turn septic because of system leakage. It can be caused because of the introduction of nitrates and nitrites in the water.

The connective tissue in the palm, generally flexible and loose, may begin to abnormally thicken or tighten. This is known as Dupuytren’s contracture. Here, the fingers can begin bending toward the palm and are unable to straighten completely. The condition most commonly affects fingers away from the thumb—the ring and pinky finger and can affect one or both hands. Here are a few signs of the condition one should not ignore:  1. Nodules in the palm The presence of lumps or nodules in the palm could be a warning sign of Dupuytren’s contracture. These nodules are generally observed at the base of the fingers, right where they meet the palm. One may be able to feel or even see a hard lump as an early sign. The appearance of nodules indicates that the condition is starting to spread through the connective tissue or the palmar fascia of the palm. The lumps could be painful or painless and may go away without any treatment. The lumps can also make the surrounding skin appear dimpled or puckered, leading to pits or grooves in the skin that are compressed by the contracted finger. These areas can become sore and lead to skin loss if they do not heal in time.

The esophagus or food pipe transfers food to the stomach. However, it can get inflamed due to conditions like eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE). In EOE, eosinophils release substances in surrounding tissues that lead to inflammation. This causes the organ to contract and abscesses or ring-like projections to form. EOE can be triggered by acid reflux or food allergies. To manage the condition, here are some signs and symptoms of EOE that one should not ignore: Symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE) The symptoms of EOE may vary among adults and children, although certain symptoms are common in both. So, here are the signs and symptoms of EOE among children and adults: Symptoms of EOE in adults Studies have shown that EOE in adults usually shows up in the form of strictures, rings, and narrowing of the esophagus. As a result, adults with EOE may have these symptoms: Difficulty swallowing One of the classic symptoms of EOE is difficulty swallowing. The technical term for this symptom is dysphagia. In usual circumstances, one may face dysphagia if they gulp down their food, but the symptom shows up for those with EOE even when they chew their food well. Acid reflux Acid reflux is usually a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a health condition closely related to EOE.

Lymphoma is a cancer that grows in the body when white blood cells multiply. It is more common in adults than children, but cases in the latter can be cured with proper treatment. The causes of cancer in children are not known; however, if left untreated, it can lead to health complications. Therefore, early detection and prompt treatment are paramount to improving one’s chances of recovery. Here’s what one must know about lymphoma in children. What happens in lymphoma? The body has a lymphoid system in place, which forms a part of the immune system that ensures no pathogens can grow and cause harm. The lymphoid system primarily has specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes. They are located in the lymph nodes spread across the body, including the digestive tract and bone marrow. The lymph nodes filter foreign particles such as bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells and stop the growth of cancer or other diseases. In lymphoma, lymphocyte growth is abnormal, which forms tumors and affects the lymph nodes. Since lymph nodes are spread throughout, the lymphoma can develop in any part of the body. Common lymphoma in children There are two types of lymphoma cancers in kids. They vary based on their characteristics and appearance under a microscope.